Tunneling, TBM, Rock Pressure
Squeezing ground represents a challenging operating environment as it
may slow down or obstruct TBM operation. Due to the geometrical
constraints of the equipment, relatively small convergences of 10–20 cm
may lead to considerable difficulties in the machine area (sticking of
the cutter head, jamming of the shield) or in the back-up area (e.g.,
jamming of the back-up equipment, inadmissible convergences of the bored
profile, damage to the tunnel support).
